作为非科班出身的技术人员, 关于Linux命令也应该掌握些基本的, 所以整理一下.

Files & Navigating

ls - list all files/folders on current directory (列出当前目录下所有文件和文件夹)

ls -l - formatted listing in line (详细列出所有文件及信息, 每个文件或文件夹占一行)

ls -la - formatted listing including hidden files (详细列出所有文件包括隐藏文件及信息, 每个文件或文件夹占一行)

cd dir - change directory to dir (改变当前目录到dir文件夹)

cd .. - change to parent directory (改变当前目录到父级目录)

cd ../dir - change to dir in parent directory (改变当前目录到父级目录下的dir文件夹)

cd or cd ~ - change to home directory (回到home目录下)

cd - - change directory to last directory (返回进入之前所在的目录)

pwd - show current directory (显示当前目录路径)

mkdir dir - create a directory named dir (创建一个名为dir的文件夹)

rm file - remove file (删除文件)

rm -f file - force remove file (强制删除文件)

rm -r dir - remove directory dir (删除文件夹)

rm -rf dir - force remove directory dir (强制删除文件夹)

rm -r * - delete all files and directories except hidden files under the current directory(删除当前目录下除隐含文件外的所有文件和子目录)

rm -rf / - launch some nuclear bombs targeting your system (删除系统….千万别这么做)

cp file1 file2 - copy file1 to file2 (将file1复制为file2)

mv file1 file2 - rename file1 to file2 (将file1重命名为file2)

mv file1 dir/file2 - move file1 to dir as file2 (将file1移动到dir并重命名为file2)

touch file - create file or update file (创建文件, 或如果文件存在的话更新文件, 如时间戳等, 但不会清空文件已存在的内容)

cat file - output contents of file (输出文件内容)

cat > file - write standard input into file (写入文件内容, 覆盖原有)

cat file1 file2 > file - combine file1 and file2 into file (将文件file1和file2合并后放入文件file中)

cat >> file - append standard input into file (在文件后追加内容)

tail -f file - output contents of file as it grows (当文件内容增加时会打印出来, 一般用于日志监控)

Networking

ping host - ping host (测试主机之间网络的连通性)

whois domain - get whois for domain (查询域名信息)

dig domain - get DNS for domain (查询DNS信息)

dig -x host - reverse lookup host (执行逆向域名查询)

wget file - download file (下载文件)

wget -c file - continue stopped download (断点续传)

wget -r url - recurively download files from url (递归下载 慎用)

curl url - outputs the webpage from url (输出页面内容)

curl -o meh.html url - writes the page to meh.html (web页面写入本地文件)

ssh user@host - connect to host as user (ssh连接user到host)

ssh -p port user@host - connect using port (ssh指定端口连接)

Processes

ps - display currently active processes (报告当前系统的进程状态)

ps aux - detailed outputs (显示所有进程详细信息)

kill pid - kill process with process id (pid) (以pid杀掉进程)

killall proc - kill all processes named proc (杀掉所有名为proc的进程)

System Info

date - show current date/time (显示当前系统日期时间)

uptime - show uptime (显示uptime)

whoami - who you are logged in as (显示当前登录用户)

w - display who is online (显示当前在线用户)

du - show directory space usage (显示当前目录下空间使用)

df - show disk usage (显示磁盘空间使用)

uname -a - show kernal config (显示内核信息)

top - show processes in a dynamic real-time view (实时显示系统各进程资源使用情况)

Compressing

tar cf file.tar file1 file2 - tar files into file.tar (合并file1, file2为file.tar)

tar xf file.tar - untar into current directory (拆解file.tar到当前目录)

tar tf file.tar - show contents of archive (显示tar文件内容)

options:

c - create archive (建立新的备份文件)
t - table of contents (列出备份文件的内容)
x - extract (从备份文件中还原文件)
z - use zip/gzip (使用gzip指令备份)
f - specify filename (指定备份文件名)
j - bzip2 compression (支持bzip2解压文件)
w - ask for comfirmation (确认压缩文件的正确性)
k - do not overwrite (保留原有文件不覆盖)
v - verbose (显示操作过程)

Permission

chmod 777 file - change permissions of file (修改文件权限)

4 - read (r)
2 - write (w)
1 - execute (x)

order owner/group/world

chmod 777 - rwx for everyone (所有人可读可写可执行)

chmod 755 - rw for owner， rx for group and world (文件所有者可读可写可执行, 其他人可读可执行)